Abajijwe ububiko 30
Uburyo bwo kuzimya:
1. Kuzimya amazi amwe - uburyo bwo gukonjesha muburyo bwo kuzimya, guhagarika amazi ya microstructure hamwe na stress yumuriro ni nini cyane, kuzimya ni binini.
2. Kuzimya kabiri amazi - intego: gukonjesha byihuse hagati ya 650 ℃ ~ Madamu, kugirango V> Vc, akonje gahoro gahoro munsi ya Madamu kugirango agabanye imihangayiko. Icyuma cya karubone: amazi mbere yamavuta. Ibyuma byose: amavuta mbere yumwuka.
3. Kuzimya ibice - urupapuro rwakazi rusohoka hanyuma ruguma ku bushyuhe runaka kugirango ubushyuhe bwimbere n’imbere bwakazi bukore neza, hanyuma inzira yo gukonjesha ikirere.Kuzimya ibice ni ihinduka rya M icyiciro cyo gukonjesha ikirere, kandi imihangayiko y'imbere ni nto.
4. Kuzimya Isothermal - bivuga guhinduka kwa bainite bibaho mukarere ka ubushyuhe bwa bainite isothermal, hamwe no kugabanya imihangayiko yimbere no guhindura ibintu bito. Ihame ryo kuzimya uburyo bwo kuzimya ntibigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa gusa, ahubwo binagabanya imihangayiko yo kuzimya kugeza aho bigeze. birashoboka kugirango uzimye kuzimya no guturika.
Ubumenyi bw'ikirere bwa chimique ni uburyo bwa CVD.Uburyo bwa reaction burimo ibintu bifatika bifata umwuka mubushyuhe bwo hasi, hanyuma byoherezwa mubyumba byubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango bihuze hejuru yakazi kugirango bitange ubushyuhe bukabije bwimiti.Amavuta cyangwa ibyuma hamwe nibiyigize biragwa kandi bigashyirwa hejuru yakazi kugirango bibeho.
Ibintu nyamukuru biranga uburyo bwa CVD:
1. Urashobora kubitsa ibintu bitandukanye bya kristalline cyangwa amorphous ibikoresho bya firime.
2. Isuku ryinshi nimbaraga zikomeye zihuza imbaraga.
3. Igice kinini cyimitsi ifite imyenge mike.
4. Guhuza neza, ibikoresho byoroshye nibikorwa.
5. Ubushyuhe bukabije.
Gusaba: gutegura ubwoko butandukanye bwa firime hejuru yibikoresho nkibyuma nicyuma, ibivanze bikomeye, ibyuma bidafite fer na organic organique itari ibyuma, cyane cyane firime ya insulator, firime ya semiconductor, kiyobora na firime ya superconductor na firime irwanya ruswa.
Kwibika kumubiri na meteorologiya: inzira aho ibintu bya gaze bishyirwa kumurongo wakazi muri firime zikomeye, bizwi nkuburyo bwa PVD.Hari uburyo butatu bwibanze, aribwo guhumeka vacuum, sputtering na ion plaque. Gusaba: kwambara impuzu zidakira, ubushyuhe gutwikira kwangirika, kwangirika kwangirika, gusiga amavuta, gutwikira imikorere.
Microscopique: ibishushanyo mbonera byerekanwa munsi ya microscopique electron microscope, izwi nka bande yumunaniro cyangwa umunaniro wumunaniro.Umurongo wumunaniro ufite ihindagurika kandi ucagagura ubwoko bubiri, umurongo wumunaniro ufite umwanya runaka, mubihe bimwe, buri murongo uhuye numuzenguruko.
Macroscopique: mubihe byinshi, ifite ibiranga kuvunika gucitse nta macroscopique deformasiyo igaragara kumaso.Ubusanzwe umunaniro wumunaniro ugizwe na zone yamasoko, agace gakwirakwizwa nigice cya nyuma cyigihe gito.Ahantu inkomoko yumunaniro ntago iringaniye, rimwe na rimwe indorerwamo yaka cyane, ahantu ho gukwirakwira ni ku mucanga cyangwa mugikonoshwa, amwe mumasoko yumunaniro afite umwanya utaringaniye birasa arcs yo hagati yuruziga. Imiterere ya microscopique ya morphologie ya zone yamenetse yinzibacyuho igenwa nuburyo buranga imitwaro nubunini bwibintu, kandi birashobora kuba dimple cyangwa quasi-gutandukana, gutandukana kuvunika hagati yimiterere cyangwa imiterere ivanze.
. cyashizweho.
2. Gukomera kutaringaniye hejuru: imiterere yinduction idafite ishingiro; gushyushya kutaringaniye; gukonjesha kutaringaniye; imitunganyirize idahwitse (imiterere ihujwe, decarbonisation igice.
3. Gushonga hejuru: imiterere ya inductor ntabwo ifite ishingiro; Ibice bibaho imfuruka zikarishye, ibyobo, bibi, nibindi; igihe cyo gushyushya ni kirekire cyane, kandi hejuru yakazi kacitse.
Fata W18Cr4V kurugero, ni ukubera iki iruta imiterere isanzwe yubukonje? W18Cr4V ibyuma birashyuha kandi bizimya 1275 ℃ + 320 ℃ * 1h + 540 ℃ kugeza 560 ℃ * 1h * inshuro 2 ubushyuhe.
Ugereranije nicyuma gisanzwe cyihuta cyane, karbide ya M2C iragwa cyane, kandi karbide ya M2C, V4C na Fe3C ifite dispersion nini kandi ihuza neza, kandi bainite igera kuri 5% kugeza 7% irahari, nikintu gikomeye cya microstructure yubushyuhe bwo hejuru ubushyuhe bwihuse bwihuse imikorere yicyuma neza kuruta ibyuma bisanzwe byihuta byihuta.
Hano hari ikirere cya endothermic, ikirere gitonyanga, ikirere cyumubiri kigororotse, ikindi kirere gishobora kugenzurwa (ikirere cya mashini ya azote, ikirere cyangirika cya amoniya, ikirere kidasanzwe).
1. Ikirere cya Endothermic ni gaze mbisi ivanze numwuka muburyo runaka, binyuze muri catalizator ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, reaction yakozwe ahanini irimo CO, H2, N2 hamwe na CO2, O2 na H2O ikirere, kuko reaction yo gukuramo ubushyuhe, byitwa ikirere cya endothermic cyangwa gaze ya RX. Ikoreshwa muri carburizing na carbone.
2. Mu kirere gitonyanga, methanol yerekanwe mu itanura kugira ngo icike, hanyuma haterwa umwikorezi urimo CO na H2, hanyuma hakongerwamo ibintu bikungahaye kuri carburizing; Ubushyuhe buke bwa karubone, kurinda ubushyuhe buzimya, n'ibindi.
3. Umukozi winjira nka gaze naturel hamwe numwuka uvanze mukigero runaka mu itanura, ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru 900 ℃ reaction yabyaye umwuka mubi wa karubasi. ubushyuhe bwo gukingira ikirere.Nitrogen - ikirere gishingiye ku byuma bya karubone nyinshi cyangwa bifite ingaruka zo gukingira ibyuma ni byiza.Umwuka w’ubushyuhe ukoreshwa mu kuvura ubushyuhe bukabije bw’ibyuma bike bya karubone, umuringa cyangwa decarburisation annealing yicyuma cyoroshye.
Intego: Imiterere myiza yubukanishi no kugoreka kwicyuma cyumubyimba urashobora kuboneka mugihe cyo kuzimya isothermal muri zone yinzibacyuho ya bainite nyuma yo gukanguka. Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe: 260 ~ 300 structure imiterere ya bainite; Imiterere yo hejuru ya bainite iboneka kuri 350 ~ 400 ℃.
Carburizing: cyane cyane hejuru yakazi kakozwe mugikorwa cya atome ya karubone, ubushyuhe bwa martensite, ibisigisigi A na karbide, intego yikigo nukuzamura ibirimo hejuru ya karubone, hamwe nuburemere bukabije hamwe no kwihanganira kwambara, ikigo gifite A imbaraga zimwe nubukomere bukabije, kuburyo bigira ingaruka nini no guterana amagambo, ibyuma bya karubone nkeya nka 20CrMnTi, ibikoresho na pin piston bikoreshwa cyane.
Nitriding: hejuru yubucengezi bwa atome ya azote, nubukomere bwubuso, kwambara imbaraga zumunaniro wumuriro hamwe no kurwanya ruswa hamwe no gukomera kwubushyuhe, ubuso ni nitride, umutima wa sorbsite yubushyuhe, nitride ya gaze, nitride yamazi, bikunze gukoreshwa 38CrMoAlA , 18CrNiW.
Carbonitriding: carboneitriding ni ubushyuhe buke, umuvuduko wihuse, guhindura uduce duto duto.Uburinganire bwa microstructure ni urushinge rwiza tempered martensite + granular carbone na nitrogen compound Fe3 (C, N) + austenite isigaye nkeya.Bifite imbaraga zo kwihanganira cyane, imbaraga zumunaniro kandi imbaraga zo guhonyora, kandi ifite kurwanya ruswa. Ifunguye ikoreshwa mubikoresho biremereye kandi biciriritse bikozwe mubyuma bito n'ibiciriritse bya karuboni.
Nitrocarburizing: inzira ya nitrocarburizing irihuta, ubukana bwubuso buri hasi gato ugereranije na nitriding, ariko kurwanya umunaniro nibyiza.Bikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora imashini zifite umutwaro muto, kwihanganira kwambara cyane, kugabanya umunaniro no guhindura ibintu bito. Ibice rusange byibyuma, nkibi nk'icyuma cyubaka ibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma byubaka ibyuma, ibyuma byabigenewe, ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma, icyuma cyitwa nodular cast na powder metallurgie, birashobora kuba nitrocarburize
1. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
2. Inzira yizewe, ishyize mu gaciro kandi irashoboka.
3. Ubukungu bwibikorwa.
4. Umutekano wibikorwa.
5. Gerageza gukoresha ibikoresho bitunganijwe hamwe na mashini yo hejuru hamwe nuburyo bwo gukoresha.
1. Isano iri hagati yubuhanga bukonje kandi bushyushye bugomba gutekerezwa byuzuye, kandi uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bugomba kuba bwumvikana.
2. Emera tekinolojiya mishya uko bishoboka kwose, sobanura muri make inzira yo gutunganya ubushyuhe, kugabanya igihe cyumusaruro.Mu rwego rwo kwemeza imiterere isabwa n'imikorere y'ibice, gerageza gukora inzira zitandukanye cyangwa inzira yikoranabuhanga ihujwe hamwe.
3. Rimwe na rimwe, kugirango tunoze ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa no kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi yakazi, birakenewe kongera uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe.
1. Intera yo guhuza hagati ya inductor nigikorwa cyakazi igomba kuba yegeranye bishoboka.
2. Igicapo gishyushye nurukuta rwinyuma rwa coil rugomba gutwarwa na flux magnet.
3. Igishushanyo mbonera cyakazi hamwe nu mfuruka zityaye kugirango wirinde ingaruka zikomeye.
4. Offset phenomenon yumurongo wumurongo wa magneti ugomba kwirinda.
5. Igishushanyo cya Sensor kigomba kugerageza guhura nakazi gashobora guhinduka mugihe gishyushye.
1. Hitamo ibikoresho ukurikije imiterere yimirimo yibice, harimo ubwoko bwimitwaro nubunini, ibidukikije nuburyo bwo gutsindwa;
2. Urebye imiterere, imiterere, ingano nibindi bintu bigize ibice, ibikoresho bifite ubukana bwiza birashobora gutunganywa no kuzimya amavuta cyangwa uburyo bwo kuzimya amazi bworoshye kugirango bigoreke byoroshye kugoreka no guturika;
3. Sobanukirwa n'imiterere y'ibikoresho nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe.Ibyiciro bimwe byibyuma byakozwe muburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bizagira imiterere nimiterere nyuma yo kuvurwa;
4. Hashingiwe ku kwemeza imikorere ya serivisi nubuzima bwibice, uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bugomba koroshya bishoboka, cyane cyane ibikoresho bishobora gukizwa.
1. Gukina ibikorwa.
2. Imikorere yo gutunganya igitutu.
3. Imashini ikora.
4. Imikorere yo gusudira.
5. Imikorere yo kuvura ubushyuhe.
Kwangirika, adsorption, gukwirakwiza intambwe eshatu. Gukoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura ibice, kuvura infiltration ivanze, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwinshi, gukoresha ibikoresho bishya kugirango byihute inzira yo gukwirakwizwa, kwinjiza imiti, kwinjira mu mubiri; Irinde ibikorerwa hejuru yakazi, bifasha gukwirakwizwa, kugirango inzira eshatu zihuze byuzuye, gabanya ubuso bwakazi kugirango ube inzira yumukara wa karubone, kwihutisha inzira ya carburizing, kugirango harebwe niba urwego rwinzibacyuho rwagutse kandi rworoheje rworoheje rwinjira; Kuva hejuru kugeza hagati, gahunda ni hypereutectoid, eutectoid, hyperhypoeutectoid, hypoeutectoid yibanze.
Ubwoko bw'imyenda:
Kwambara kwa Adhesion, kwambara nabi, kwambara ruswa, guhura n'umunaniro.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda:
Kwambara kwifata, guhitamo neza ibikoresho byo guteranya ibintu; Gukoresha ubuvuzi bwo hejuru kugirango ugabanye coefficient de fraisement cyangwa kunoza ubukana bwubutaka; Kugabanya imihangayiko yo guhuza imibonano; Kugabanya ubukana bwimiterere. Kubijyanye no kwambara nabi, usibye kugabanya umuvuduko wihuza no kunyerera intera yo guterana mubishushanyo yo gusiga amavuta yo kuyungurura kugirango akureho ibintu bitesha umutwe, ariko kandi no guhitamo neza ibikoresho bikomeye byo gukomera; Ubuso bwubuso bwibikoresho byombi byatejwe imbere byatejwe imbere no kuvura ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nakazi gakomeye.Ku kwambara kwangirika, hitamo ibikoresho birwanya okiside; gutwikira hejuru; Guhitamo Ibikoresho birwanya ruswa; Kurinda amashanyarazi; kwibanda ku guhangayika kwinshi birashobora kugabanuka mugihe hiyongereyeho inhibitori ya ruswa. Stress yo gutabara annealing; Hitamo ibikoresho bitumva neza kwangirika; Hindura imiterere yo hagati. Kubireba umunaniro wo guhura, kunoza ubukana bwibintu; Kunoza; ubuziranenge bwibikoresho, gabanya kubishyiramo; Kunoza imbaraga zingenzi nubukomere bwibice; Kugabanya ubukana bwibice byibice; Kunoza ububobere bwamavuta yo gusiga kugirango ugabanye ibikorwa bya wedge.
Igizwe na ferrite nini (iringaniye) hamwe na karubone ndende A.
Umwiherero rusange wumupira: kongera ubukana, kunoza imashini, kugabanya kuzimya kugoreka.
Isothermal ball regression: ikoreshwa mubyuma bya karubone ndende, ibyuma byifashishwa.
Umupira wizunguruka inyuma: ukoreshwa mubyuma bya karubone, ibyuma byifashishwa.
1. Bitewe nibintu bike byibyuma bya hypoeutectoid, imiterere yumwimerere P + F, niba ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya buri munsi ya Ac3, hazaba F idashonga, kandi hazabaho ingingo yoroshye nyuma yo kuzimya.Ku byuma bya eutectoid, niba ubushyuhe ni muremure cyane, cyane K 'gushonga, kongera umubare wurupapuro M, byoroshye gutera deformasiyo no guturika, kongera umubare wa A', K cyane gushonga, no kugabanya kwangirika kwicyuma.
2. Ubushyuhe bwibyuma bya eutectoid ni byinshi cyane, imyumvire ya okiside na decarbonisiyasi iriyongera, kuburyo ibice byubuso bwibyuma bitameze kimwe, urwego rwa Madamu ruratandukanye, bikaviramo kuzimya.
3. Guhitamo ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya Ac1 + (30-50 ℃) birashobora kugumana K 'idakemutse kugirango irusheho kunanirwa kwambara, kugabanya imyuka ya karubone ya matrix, no kongera imbaraga za plastike nubukomezi bwibyuma.
Imvura imwe ya ε na M3C ituma imvura ya M2C na MC irushaho kuba imwe murwego rwubushyuhe bwa kabiri bukomera, buteza imbere guhindura austenite isigaye muri bainite kandi bikazamura imbaraga nubukomere.
ZL104: guta aluminium, MB2: amavuta ya magnesium yahinduwe, ZM3: cast magnesium, TA4: α titanium alloy, H68: umuringa, QSN4-3: umuringa w'amabati, QBe2: umuringa wa beryllium, TB2: β titanium.
Gukomera kuvunika ni indangagaciro yumutungo yerekana ubushobozi bwibikoresho byo kurwanya kuvunika.Niba K1 & gt; K1C, gucika intege gucika intege bibaho.
Guhindura icyiciro kiranga ibara ryicyuma ugereranije nicyuma:
1) Ibyuma bisukuye ni fe-C-Si ternary alloy, kandi ihinduka rya eutectoid riba mubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, aho hariho ferrite + austenite + grafite;
)
3) Ibirimo bya karubone bya A nibicuruzwa byinzibacyuho birashobora guhindurwa no kugenzurwa murwego rutari ruto mugucunga ubushyuhe bwogukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, kubika no gukonjesha;
4) Ugereranije nicyuma, intera yo gukwirakwiza atome ya karubone ni ndende;
5) Kuvura ubushyuhe bwibyuma ntibishobora guhindura imiterere nogukwirakwiza grafite, ariko birashobora guhindura imiterere hamwe nibintu.
Inzira yo gushingwa: gushiraho nucleus ya kirisiti, gukura kw'ingano, gusesa simaite isigaye, homogenisation ya A; Ibintu: ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya, gufata umwanya, umuvuduko wo gushyushya, ibyuma, imiterere yumwimerere.
Uburyo: uburyo bwo kugenzura ibice, kuvura ibice byinjira, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwinshi, gukoresha ibikoresho bishya kugirango byihute inzira yo gukwirakwiza, kwinjiza imiti, kwinjira mu mubiri.
Uburyo bwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe: guhererekanya ubushyuhe, guhererekanya ubushyuhe, guhererekanya ubushyuhe (itanura rya vacuum hejuru ya 700 ℃ ni ihererekanyabubasha ry’imirasire).
Ishirahamwe ryirabura ryerekeza ku bibara byirabura, umukandara wumukara hamwe nurubuga rwumukara.Mu rwego rwo gukumira isura yumubiri wumukara, ibirimo azote murwego rwinjira ntibigomba kuba hejuru bihagije, mubisanzwe birenze 0.5% bikunze kwibasirwa nuduce twirabura; Azote ibirimo murwego rwemewe ntibigomba kuba bike cyane, bitabaye ibyo biroroshye gukora umuyoboro wa tortenite.Mu rwego rwo guhagarika umuyoboro wa torstenite, umubare wongeyeho ammonia ugomba kuba muke.Niba ammonia iri hejuru cyane kandi ikime cya gaze ya feri kigabanuka, imyenda yumukara izagaragara.
Kugirango ubuze isura ya torstenite, ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya burashobora kuzamurwa neza cyangwa uburyo bwo gukonjesha hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukonjesha burashobora gukoreshwa.Iyo ubujyakuzimu bwimyenda yumukara butageze kuri 0.02mm, hakoreshwa amashanyarazi kugirango bikemuke.
Uburyo bwo gushyushya: kuzimya induction bifite uburyo bubiri bwo kuzimya icyarimwe icyarimwe no kwimura ubushyuhe bukomeza kuzimya, ukurikije uko ibikoresho bimeze nubwoko bwibice. Imbaraga zihariye zo gushyushya icyarimwe muri rusange ni 0.5 ~ 4.0 KW / cm2, kandi imbaraga zihariye zo gushyushya mobile ni muri rusange birenze 1.5 kWt / cm2.Ibice birebire bya shaft, ibice byo kuzimya umwobo wimbere, ibikoresho bya modulus yo hagati hamwe namenyo yagutse, ibice byimyanya bifata kuzimya bikomeza; ibikoresho binini bifata iryinyo rimwe rihoraho.
Ibipimo byo gushyushya:
1. Ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya: Bitewe n'umuvuduko ukabije wo gushyushya induction, ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya buri hejuru ya 30-50 ℃ hejuru yubuvuzi rusange kugirango ubushyuhe bwuzuye bwuzuye;
2. Igihe cyo gushyushya: ukurikije ibisabwa bya tekiniki, ibikoresho, imiterere, ingano, inshuro zigezweho, imbaraga zihariye nibindi bintu.
Uburyo bwo kuzimya uburyo bwo kuzimya hamwe nuburyo bwo kuzimya: Uburyo bwo gukonjesha bwo kuzimya ubushyuhe busanzwe bukoresha gukonjesha no gukonjesha gutera.
Ubushyuhe bugomba kuba mugihe, nyuma yo kuzimya ibice muri 4h ubushyuhe.Uburyo busanzwe bwo gutondeka ni ukwitonda, gutanura itanura no kwinjiza induction.
Ikigamijwe ni ugukora akazi ko gutanga amashanyarazi maremare kandi aringaniye mumashanyarazi yumvikana, kugirango ibikoresho bikine neza.
1. Hindura ibipimo by'amashanyarazi byo gushyushya inshuro nyinshi.Mu miterere ya 7-8kV yumutwaro muke wa voltage, hindura guhuza no gutanga ibitekerezo kumwanya wintoki kugirango ukore igipimo cyumuyoboro wamarembo na anode 1: 5-1: 10, hanyuma wongere imbaraga za anode kuri voltage ya serivise, ongera uhindure ibipimo byamashanyarazi, kugirango umuyoboro wumuyoboro uhindurwe nagaciro gasabwa, bihuye neza.
2. Hindura ibipimo by'amashanyarazi yo gushyushya intera hagati, hitamo impinduka ikwiye yo kuzimya impinduka igereranya na capacitance ukurikije ubunini bwibice, imiterere ya zone ikomera hamwe nuburyo bwa inductor, kugirango ikore muburyo bwa resonance.
Amazi, amazi yumunyu, amazi ya alkali, amavuta yubukanishi, umunyu wumunyu, inzoga ya polyvinyl, umuti wa trinitrate, umuti wo kuzimya amazi, amavuta yihariye yo kuzimya, nibindi.
1 umurongo wa C uhindura iburyo.
2. Ingaruka yibintu bivangavanze: Usibye Co, ibintu byose byicyuma mubisubizo bihamye leta yimuka neza muri C umurongo.
3.Ubushyuhe no gufata igihe: Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru, nigihe cyo gufata umwanya, niko karbide irashonga rwose, ingano ya A ni, kandi umurongo wa C ugenda iburyo.
4
5. Ingaruka zo guhangayika no guhangayika bitera C umurongo ugenda ibumoso.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-15-2021
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